bible_hebrew

Hebrew Bible / Old Testament
[See also Hebrew (and related) Language; History of Israel and Near East] [Cf. also html versions: BHS at [|bibelwissenschaft.de]; parallel MT Hebrew - English (JPS 1917) at [|mechon-mamre.org]; MT Hebrew at [|kodesh.snunit.k12.il]; parallel BHS - KJV at [|TanakhML]]

[//Scroll Down for Individual Books//]


 * //Biblia Hebraica//, ed. R. Kittel (Leipzig, 1906) [[|link]]; vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1905) [[|link]]; vol. 2 (Leipzig, 1906) [[|link]]
 * Aleppo Codex - facsimile images [[|aleppocodex.org]]
 * Great Isaiah Scroll (from Dead Sea Scrolls) - facsimile images [[|www.ao.net/~fmoeller]]


 * **S. R. Driver, //Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testament//, rev. 1913 (New York, 1914) [[|archive.org]]**
 * W. Robertson Smith, //The Old Testament in the Jewish Church//, 2nd ed. (London, 1908) [[|link]]
 * T. H. Weir, //A Short History of the Hebrew Text of the Old Testament// (London, 1899) [[|link]]


 * A. Sperber, //The Bible in Aramaic//, 3rd impression (Leiden, 2004; originally published 1959-68) [ [|link] ]
 * P. de Lagarde (ed.), //Der Pentateuch Koptisch// (Leipzig, 1867) [[|link]]


 * //Handkommentar zum alten Testament//, gen. ed. W. Nowack, vol. 1.1, tr. and comm. H. Gunkel [Genesis] (Göttingen, 1901) [[|link]]; vol. 1.2, tr. and comm. B. Baentsch [Exodus - Leviticus - Numeri] (Göttingen, 1903) [[|link]]; vol. 1.3, tr. and comm. C. Steuernagel [Deuteronomium - Josua "und allgemeine Einleitung in den Hexateuch"] (Göttingen, 1900) [[|link]]; vol. 1.4, tr. and comm. W. Nowack [Richter (Judges) - Ruth - Bücher Samuelis] (Göttingen, 1902) [[|link]]; vol. 1.6, tr. and comm. R. Kittel [Chronicles - Ezra - Nehemiah - Esther] (Göttingen, 1902) [[|link]]; vol. 3.1, tr. and comm. B. Duhm [Das Buch Jesaia] (Göttingen, 1902) [[|link]]; vol. 3.3, tr. and comm. R. Kraetzschmar [Das Buch Ezechiel] (Göttingen, 1900) [[|link]]
 * //Kurzer Hand-commentar zum alten Testament//, vol. 14, tr. and comm. B. Duhm [Die Psalmen] (Freiburg im B., 1899) [[|link]]
 * **Keil/Delitzsch**:
 * //Biblischer Commentar über das alte Testament//, ed. Keil and Delitzsch, vol. 1.2 [Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy] (Leipzig, 1870) [[|link]]; vol. 2.3 [Kings] (Leipzig, 1865) [[|link]]; vol. 3.1 [Isaiah] (Leipzig, 1889) [[|link]]; vol. 3.2 [Jeremiah, Lamentations] (Leipzig, 1872) [[|link]]; vol. 3.3, 2nd ed. [Ezekiel] (Leipzig, 1882) [[|link]]; vol. 3.4, 3rd ed. [Minor Prophets] (Leipzig, 1888) [[|link]]; (Leipzig, 1866) [[|link]]; vol. 3.5 [Daniel] (Leipzig, 1869) [[|link]]; vol. 4.1, 4th ed. [Psalms] (Leipzig, 1883) [[|link]]; vol. 4.2 [Job] (Leipzig, 1864) [[|link]]; vol. 4.4 [Song of Songs, Ecclesiastes] (Leipzig, 1875) [[|link]]; vol. 5 [Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther] (Leipzig, 1870) [[|link]]
 * //Biblical Commentary on the Old Testament (Keil/Delitzsch)//, tr. J. Martin, vol. 2 [Pentateuch] (Edinburgh, 1869) [[|link]]; vol. 3 [Pentateuch: Numbers, Deuteronomy] (Edinburgh, 1865) [[|link]]; vol. 4 [Joshua, Judges, Ruth] (Edinburgh, 1845) [[|link]]; [Samuel] (Edinburgh, 1866) [[|link]]
 * //Kurzgefasstes exegetisches Handbuch zum alten Testament//, vol. 11 [Genesis] 4th ed., A. Dillmann (Leipzig, 1882) [[|link]]; 3rd ed., A. Dillmann (Leipzig, 1875) [[|link]]; 2nd ed., A. Knobel (Leipzig, 1860) [[|link]]; 1st ed., A. Knobel (Leipzig, 1852) [[|link]]; vol. 12 [Exodus - Leviticus] A. Knobel (Leipzig, 1857) [[|link]]; vol. 13 [Numeri - Deuteronomium - Josua] A. Knobel (Leipzig, 1861) [[|link]]; vol. 15 [Chronicles] E. Bertheau (Leipzig, 1854) [[|link]]
 * vol. 6 [Das Buch der Richter (Judges) - Ruth] E. Bertheau, 2nd ed. (Leipzig, 1883) [[|link]]


 * B. Jacob, //Der Pentateuch: Exegetisch-kritische Forschungen// (Leipzig, 1905) [[|link]]


 * Genesis**
 * J. Skinner, ICC (New York, 1910) [[|archive.org]]
 * G. Hoberg, //Die Genesis nach dem Litteralsinn erklärt//, 2nd ed. [includes Heb. and Lat. text] (Freiburg im B., 1908) [[|link]]
 * S. R. Driver, 6th ed., Westminster Commentaries (London, 1907) [[|link]]
 * H. Gunkel, //The Legends of Genesis//, tr. W. H. Carruth (Chicago, 1901) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1898) [[|link]]
 * P. I. Hershon, //The Pentateuch according to the Talmud. Genesis: With a Talmudical Commentary//, tr. M. Wolkenberg (London, 1883) [[|link]]; Heb. original (London, 1874) [[|link]]
 * G. V. Garland [with unpointed Heb. text] (London, 1878) [[|link]]
 * F. Delitzsch (Leipzig, 1872) [[|link]]
 * J. G. Murphy (Boston, 1867) [[|link]]
 * F. Delitzch (Leipzig, 1852) [[|link]]


 * J. S. MacIntosh, //A Study of Augustine's Versions of Genesis// (Chicago, 1912) [[|link]]
 * H. Barnstein, //The Targum of Onkelos to Genesis : A Critical Enquiry// (London, 1896) [[|link]]
 * G. Ebers, //Aegypten und die Bücher Mose's: Sachlicher Kommentar// //zu den aegyptischen Stellen in Genesis und Exodus//, vol. 1 (Leipzig, 1868) [[|link]]


 * Exodus**
 * A. H. McNeile, Westminster Commentaries (New York, 1908) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1902) [[|link]]


 * Leviticus**
 * D. Hofmann (tr. and comm.), vol. 1 (Berlin, 1905) [[|link]]; pt. 2 (Berlin, 1906) [[|link]]
 * S. H. Kellogg, The Expositor's Bible (London, 1891) [[|link]]
 * M. M. Kalisch, Historical and Critical Commentary on the Old Testament, vol. 1 (London, 1867) [[|link]]; vol. 2 (London, 1872) [[|link]]


 * Numbers**
 * G. B. Gray, ICC (New York, 1903) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]


 * Deuteronomy**
 * J. Cullen, //The Book of the Covenant in Moab : A Critical Inquiry into the Original Form of Deuteronomy// (Glasgow, 1903) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]
 * S. R. Driver, ICC (New York, 1896) [[|archive.org]] (New York, 1895) [[|link]]
 * F. W. Schultz (Berlin, 1859) [[|link]]


 * Joshua**
 * J. F. MacLear, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1897) [[|link]]
 * K. F. Keil (1847) [[|link]]


 * Judges**
 * G. F. Moore, ICC, 2nd ed. (New York, 1918 printing) [[|archive.org]]; (New York, 1901) [[|link]]; 1st ed . (?) (New York, 1895) [ [|link] ]
 * F. Praetorius, //Das Targum zum Buch der Richter in Jemenischer Überlieferung// (Berlin, 1900) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1897) [[|link]]
 * A. R. Fausset (London, 1885) [[|link]]
 * J. Bachmann, //Das Buch der Richter: Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Geschichte seiner Auslegung und kirchlicher Verwendung//, vol. 1 (Berlin, 1868) [[|link]]
 * G. L. Studer, 2nd ed. (Bern, 1842) [[|link]]


 * Ruth**
 * A. L. Hunt, //Ruth the Moabitess: A Short Commentary, Critical and Expository, on the Book of Ruth// (London, 1884) [[|link]]
 * C. H. H. Wright, //The Book of Ruth in Hebrew, with a Critically-Revised Text…Various Readings…A Grammatical and Critical Commentary; to Which Is Appended the Chaldee Targum … ( //London, 1864) [[|link]]


 * 1-2 Samuel**
 * H. P. Smith, ICC (New York, 1904) [[|link]] (New York, 1899) [[|archive.org]]
 * S. Baer, //Liber Samuelis: Textum Masoreticum accuratissime expressit …notis criticis confirmavit// (Leipzig, 1892) [[|link]]
 * S. R. Driver, //Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Samuel: With an Introduction on Hebrew Palaeography and the Ancient Versions// (Oxford, 1890) [[|link]]
 * J. Wellhausen, //Der Text der Bücher Samuelis untersucht// (Göttingen, 1872) [[|link]]


 * 1-2 Kings**
 * J. A. Montgomery, ICC (New York, 1951) [[|archive.org]]
 * C. F. Burney, //Notes on the Hebrew Text of the Books of Kings// (Oxford, 1903) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]
 * J. Rawson Lumby, //The First Book of the Kings//, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1886) [[|link]]
 * K. F. Keil, tr. J. Martin (Edinburgh, 1872) [[|link]]
 * K. F. Keil, tr. J. Murphy [with Berthau's commentary on Chronicles], vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1857) [[|link]]


 * J. Döller, //Geographische und ethnographische Studien zum III. und IV. Buche der Könige// (Vienna, 1904) [[|link]]
 * E. Alker, //Die Chronologie der Bücher der Könige und Paralipomenon// (Leobschütz, 1889) [[|link]]


 * 1-2 Chronicles**
 * E. L. Curtis and A. A. Madsen, ICC (New York, 1910) [[|archive.org]]
 * W. E. Barnes, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1899) [[|link]]
 * K. F. Keil, tr. A. Harper (Edinburgh, 1872) [[|link]]


 * E. Alker, //Die Chronologie der Bücher der Könige und Paralipomenon// (Leobschütz, 1889) [[|link]]
 * F. C. Movers, //Kritische Untersuchungen über die biblische Chronik// (Bonn, 1834) [[|link]]
 * K. F. Keil, //Apologetischer Versuch über die Bücher der Chronik und über die Integrität des Buches Esra// (Berlin, 1833) [[|link]]


 * Ezra-Nehemiah**
 * L. W. Batten, ICC [Ezra - Nehemiah] (New York, 1913) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]
 * H. E. Ryle, Cambridge Bible for Schools [Ezra - Nehemiah] (Cambridge, 1893) [[|link]]
 * Sa'adiah Gaon [ed. H. J. Mathews] [Ezra - Nehemiah] (Oxford, 1882) [[|link]]
 * K. F. Keil, tr. S. Taylor [Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther] (Edinburgh, 1873) [[|link]]


 * F. de Saulcy, //Étude chronologique des livres d'Esdras et de Néhémie// (Paris, 1868) [[|link]]


 * Esther**
 * L. B. Paton, ICC (New York, 1908) [[|link]]; (repr. Ediburgh, 1976) [[|link]]
 * A. W. Streane, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1907) [[|link]]


 * Job**
 * S. R. Driver, G. B. Gray, ICC (Edinburgh, 1921) [[|archive.org]]
 * M. Jastrow, //The// //Book of Job, Its Origin, Growth and Interpretation// (Philadelphia, 1920) [[|link]] [[|archive.org]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1916) [[|link]]; NB also **ed. (New York, 1896) [[|link]]**


 * Psalms**
 * P. van der Lugdt, //Cantos and Strophes in Biblical Hebrew Poetry : With Special Reference to the First Book of the Psalter// (Leiden, 2006) [[|link]]
 * H. W. Attridge and M. E. Fassler (eds.), //Psalms in Community: Jewish and Christian Textual, Liturgical, and Artistic Traditions// (Leiden, 2004) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Finch (tr.), //The Longer Commentary of R. David Kimhi on the First Book of Psalms (I-X, XV-XVII, XIX, XXII, XXIV)// [intro. by G. H. Box] (London, 1919) [[|link]]
 * C. A. Briggs and E. G. Briggs, ICC, vol. 1 (New York, 1906) [[|archive.org]]; vol. 2 (New York, 1907) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]
 * A. F. Kirkpatrick, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1906) [[|link]]
 * A. MacLaren, The Expositor's Bible, vol. 1 [Ps. 1-38] (New York, 1904) [[|link]]
 * A. C. Jennings and W. H. Lowe, //The// //Psalms, with Introductions and Critical Notes//, Books 3-4 [Ps. 76-106] (London, 1875) [[|link]]; Book 5 [Ps. 107-150] (London, 1876) [[|link]]


 * Proverbs**
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]
 * C. H. Toy, ICC (New York, 1899) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]
 * T. T. Perowne, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1899) [[|link]]


 * Ecclesiastes**
 * G. A. Barton, ICC (New York, 1908) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton (ed.), //Ecclesiastes and the Wisdom of Solomon//, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1902) [[|link]]
 * M. Stuart (New York, 1851) [[|link]]


 * Song of Songs**
 * //The Song of Songs, in English Verse, with Notes from the Commentary of Theodoret// [also intro. from Athanasius; appendix from St. Bernard] (London, 1866) [[|link]]; NB also 1st ed. (London, 1864) [[|link]]


 * Isaiah**
 * G. B. Gray and A. S. Peake, vol. 1 (New York, 1912) [[|archive.org]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]
 * Ibn Ezra, //The Commentary of Ibn Ezra on Isaiah//, ed. and tr. M. Friedländer, vol. 1 [//Translation of the commentary//] (London, 1873) [[|link]]; vol. 2 [text of Isaiah, emended according to the commentary] (London, 1873) [[|link]]


 * Jeremiah**
 * B. Becking, //Between Fear and Freedom: Essays on the Interpretation of Jeremiah 30-31// (Leiden, 2004) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]
 * A. W. Streane, //The// //Double Text of Jeremiah (Massoretic and Alexandrian) Compared// (Cambridge, 1896) [[|link]]


 * Ezekiel**
 * G. Jahn, //Das Buch Ezechiel. Auf Grund der Septuaginta hergestellt// (Leipzig, 1905) [[|link]]
 * R. G. Moulton, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]
 * A. B. Davidson, Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (Cambridge, 1892) [[|link]]


 * Daniel**
 * J. A. Montgomery, ICC (New York, 1927) [[|archive.org]]
 * R. G. Moulton, //Daniel and the Minor Prophets//, Modern Reader's Bible (New York, 1901) [[|link]]


 * Hosea**
 * W. R. Harper, ICC [with //Amos//] (New York, 1905) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]
 * A. Wünsche, //Der Prophet Hosea: Übersetzt und erklärt mit Benutzung der Targumim, der jüdischen Ausleger Raschi, Aben Ezra und David Kimchi// (Leipzig, 1868) [[|link]]


 * Amos**
 * W. R. Harper, ICC [with //Hosea//] (New York, 1905) [[|link]]


 * Micah**
 * J. M. P. Smith, W. H. Ward, J. A. Bewer, ICC [with Zephaniah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Obadiah and Joel] (New York, 1911) [[|archive.org]]
 * M. L. Margolis, The Holy Scriptures with Commentary (Philadelphia: JPS, 1908) [[|link]]
 * T. K. Cheyne, Cambridge Bible for Schools (Cambridge, 1882) [[|link]]


 * Zephaniah**
 * S. Zandstra, //The// //Witness of the Vulgate, Peshitta and Septuagint to the Text of Zephaniah// (1909) [[|link]]


 * Haggai**
 * H. G. Mitchell, J. M. P. Smith, and J. A. Bewer, ICC [with Zechariah, Malachi and Jonah] (New York, 1912) [[|archive.org]]


 * Esther**
 * L. B. Payton, ICC (New York, 1908) [[|archive.org]] [[|link]]